LEGITIMASI PEMBENTUKAN ISRAEL 1917–1949: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN KRITIK NORMAN G. FINKELSTEIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1234/jphgalunggung.v2i2.11Keywords:
Israel, Hukum Internasional, Resolusi 181 dan 194, Palestina, Norman G. Finkelstein, Self-Determination, Pengungsi, Standar GandaAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji dasar-dasar hukum internasional pembentukan negara Israel pada periode 1917–1949 serta menawarkan analisis kritis terhadap legitimasi proses tersebut berdasarkan pandangan akademisi Norman G. Finkelstein. Dengan menelaah berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, seperti Deklarasi Balfour, Mandat Palestina 1922, Piagam PBB 1945, serta Resolusi Majelis Umum PBB 181 (1947) dan 194 (1948), penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan Israel berada dalam ketegangan antara legalitas formil dan legitimasi moral. Di satu sisi, komunitas internasional melalui PBB memberikan pengakuan formal terhadap eksistensi Israel; namun di sisi lain, pelanggaran prinsip non-agresi, hak pengungsi Palestina untuk kembali, serta praktik ekspansi teritorial yang tidak sah menimbulkan pertanyaan serius atas keabsahan hukum dan etika dari pendirian negara tersebut. Finkelstein menyoroti inkonsistensi penerapan hukum internasional terhadap Israel, terutama dalam hal standar ganda dan selektivitas pelaksanaan resolusi PBB. Dengan pendekatan normatif dan historis, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa klaim legalitas pembentukan Israel tidak dapat dilepaskan dari konteks kolonialisme, pengusiran paksa, dan ketimpangan struktur hukum internasional yang menguntungkan aktor-aktor dominan.
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Appendix A.1: Peta resolusi 181 (II) menampilkan pembagian wilayah yang disetujui Majelis Umum PBB pada 1947. Sumber: https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/181(II) diakses 24 Juli 2025 21:11 WIB
